Constructivism and Discovery Learning

Constructivism and Discovery Learning

The Theory of Constructivism

The basic tenets of constructivism are that:

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Knowledge is constructed from and shaped by experience.
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Students must take an active role and assume responsibility for their learning.
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Learning is a collaborative process and students create their own meaning from obtaining multiple perspectives.
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Learning should occur in a realistic setting.
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Learners should choose their own path through content and activities.
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Content should be presented holistically, not broken into separate smaller tasks.

Applying Constructivism to TBT

With computer technology, a constructivist approach to training is easier than ever before. The calculation capabilities of computers enable complex quantitative simulations, which can be applied to simulated chemistry experiments or simulated business finances. CD-ROMs provide a rich media context for simulations. Realism is obtained with the use of audio, video, or possibly even virtual workspaces. The very nature of Web sites facilitates learner-controlled navigation of content with hyper-links. Examples of a constructivist e-learning approach include:

* Using patient treatment simulations to teach medicine to doctors, or other healthcare professionals
* Customer simulations to teach principles of sales or customer service
* Employee simulations to teach principles of management or supervision

Constructivism vs ISD: Contradictory or Complimentary?

Until recently, many theorists considered instructional systems design and constructivism to be diametrically opposed. But now some similarities are becoming apparent between second generation instructional design and the approach of constructivists (Duffy & Jonassen, 1992).

If the two theories are not converging, they are at least viewed as compatible. Within the context of Gagne's events of instruction, there is certainly room for applying constructivist-inspired simulations and other experiential exercises, collaboration with peers in threaded discussions and chat rooms, and multiple paths to content and learning activities.